Differs - Revision history

Datagram at 17:28, 25 July 2013

2013-07-25T17:28:51Z

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	[[Category:Keys]]		[[Category:Keys]]
			[[Category:Master keying]]

Datagram at 23:32, 28 September 2011

2011-09-28T23:32:20Z

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	=Differs=		=Differs=

	'''Differs''' is an English locksmithing term that refers to the number of possible [[key]]s for a given [[lock]]. This number is a factor of the design of the key, the number of locking components, the number of available positions for each component, and the tolerances of the lock. [[Tryout keys]] are a [[lockpicking]] tool used to exploit a low differ count in certain locks.		'''Differs''' is an English [[locksmithing]] term that refers to the number of possible [[key]]s for a given [[lock]]. This number is a factor of the design of the key, the number of locking components, the number of available positions for each component, and the tolerances of the lock. [[Tryout keys]] are a [[lockpicking]] tool used to exploit a low differ count in certain locks.

	In keyless [[combination]] locks, the number of differs may be referred to as permutations, combinations, or sequences.		In keyless [[combination]] locks, the number of differs may be referred to as permutations, combinations, or sequences.

Datagram at 15:34, 13 August 2010

2010-08-13T15:34:19Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:34, 13 August 2010
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	==Real vs. Theoretical Differs==		==Real vs. Theoretical Differs==

	Differs are divided between theoretical and real. Theoretically, most locks have a very high number of differs, but in reality ~~tolerance~~ and bitting restrictions lower this number dramatically. For example, a 5 pin lock with 10 depth spacings has 10<sup>5</sup> (100,000) theoretical key differs. Various key or lock requirements may lower this number dramatically:		Differs are divided between theoretical and real. Theoretically, most locks have a very high number of differs but in reality tolerances and bitting restrictions lower this number dramatically. For example, a 5 pin lock with 10 depth spacings has 10<sup>5</sup> (100,000) theoretical key differs. Various key or lock requirements may lower this number dramatically:

	* Cut depths cannot be repeated more than twice in a row.		* Cut depths cannot be repeated more than twice in a row.
	* Cut depths changes cannot be greater than a certain number. This is usually done to prevent [[Back_cutting\|back-cutting]] during key removal.		* Cut depths changes cannot be greater than a certain number. This is usually done to prevent [[Back_cutting\|back-cutting]] during key removal. (See [[MACS]])
	* Cut depths cannot follow predictable or easy to pick patterns, such as a staircase.		* Cut depths cannot follow predictable or easy to pick patterns, such as a staircase.
	* Tolerances of the lock allow for fractional depths to correctly set components.		* Tolerances of the lock allow for fractional depths to correctly set components.

Datagram at 18:10, 12 February 2010

2010-02-12T18:10:44Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:10, 12 February 2010
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	The number of differs in a lock with multiple sets of components is the product of all component groups combined. For example, the same 5 pin lock with 8 depths may also have a 5 pin sidebar which allows 4 depths per sidebar pin. The total number of differs for this lock would be 33,554,432 (8<sup>5</sup>*4<sup>5</sup>).		The number of differs in a lock with multiple sets of components is the product of all component groups combined. For example, the same 5 pin lock with 8 depths may also have a 5 pin sidebar which allows 4 depths per sidebar pin. The total number of differs for this lock would be 33,554,432 (8<sup>5</sup>*4<sup>5</sup>).

			=== Including MACS restrictions ===

			In locks that have a defined [[MACS]] the number of real key differs is reduced. For example, in a system with a MACS of 5, a 1 and 8 pin could not be placed next to each other. Calculating the number of real differs for a MACS system requires finding all theoretical differs then discarding all permutations that violate the MACS.

	== Calculating permutations ==		== Calculating permutations ==

Datagram at 17:56, 20 October 2009

2009-10-20T17:56:27Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:56, 20 October 2009
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	=Differs=		=Differs=

	'''Differs''' is an English locksmithing term that refers to the number of possible [[~~Key\|keys~~]] for a given [[~~Lock\|~~lock]]. This number is a factor of the design of the key, the number of locking components, the number of available positions for each component, and the tolerances of the lock. [[~~Tryout_Keys\|~~Tryout keys]] are a [[lockpicking]] tool used to exploit a low differ count in certain locks.		'''Differs''' is an English locksmithing term that refers to the number of possible [[key]]s for a given [[lock]]. This number is a factor of the design of the key, the number of locking components, the number of available positions for each component, and the tolerances of the lock. [[Tryout keys]] are a [[lockpicking]] tool used to exploit a low differ count in certain locks.

	In keyless [[~~Combination\|~~combination]] locks, the number of differs may be referred to as permutations, combinations, or sequences.		In keyless [[combination]] locks, the number of differs may be referred to as permutations, combinations, or sequences.


			__TOC__

	==Real vs. Theoretical Differs==		==Real vs. Theoretical Differs==
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	* Cut depths cannot follow predictable or easy to pick patterns, such as a staircase.		* Cut depths cannot follow predictable or easy to pick patterns, such as a staircase.
	* Tolerances of the lock allow for fractional depths to correctly set components.		* Tolerances of the lock allow for fractional depths to correctly set components.
	* Certain types of [[~~Master_Key\|~~master keying]] may restrict various cut depths in non-master keys.		* Certain types of [[master keying]] may restrict various cut depths in non-master keys.

	In rotary [[combination]] locks, the size of gates has a dramatic effect on the number of possible permutations. Poor quality locks may have tolerances as low as +/- 3 numbers. In addition, most rotary combination locks have an area of the wheel that cannot be used for the last part of the combination, sometimes referred to as the restricted zone or the danger zone.		In rotary [[combination]] locks, the size of gates has a dramatic effect on the number of possible permutations. Poor quality locks may have tolerances as low as +/- 3 numbers. In addition, most rotary combination locks have an area of the wheel that cannot be used for the last part of the combination, sometimes referred to as the restricted zone or the danger zone.
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	The number of differs in a lock with multiple sets of components is the product of all component groups combined. For example, the same 5 pin lock with 8 depths may also have a 5 pin sidebar which allows 4 depths per sidebar pin. The total number of differs for this lock would be 33,554,432 (8<sup>5</sup>*4<sup>5</sup>).		The number of differs in a lock with multiple sets of components is the product of all component groups combined. For example, the same 5 pin lock with 8 depths may also have a 5 pin sidebar which allows 4 depths per sidebar pin. The total number of differs for this lock would be 33,554,432 (8<sup>5</sup>*4<sup>5</sup>).

			== Calculating permutations ==

			Permutations can also be calculated for keyless [[combination]] locks. The number of theoretical permutations is a<sup>b</sup>, where a is the number of wheels and b is the number of dial graduations. I.e., a three wheel, 100 number combination lock would have 1,000,000 (100<sup>3</sup>) theoretical permutations. The manufacturing tolerances of all mechanical combination locks lowers this number, some to an extreme degree.

	==See also==		==See also==

	* [[Key]]		* [[Key]]
	* [[Lock]]		* [[Lock]]
	* [[~~Master_Key\|~~Master ~~Keying~~]]		* [[Master keying]]
			* [[Tryout keys]]
	* [[Lockpicking]]		* [[Lockpicking]]
	* [[Tryout_Keys\|Tryout Keys]]

	[[Category:Keys]]		[[Category:Keys]]

Datagram at 17:01, 6 August 2009

2009-08-06T17:01:23Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:01, 6 August 2009
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	==Real vs. Theoretical Differs==		==Real vs. Theoretical Differs==

	Differs are divided between theoretical and real. Theoretically, most locks have a very high number of differs, but in reality tolerance and bitting restrictions lower this number dramatically. For example, a 5 pin lock with 10 depth spacings has 10^5 (100,000) theoretical key differs. Various key or lock requirements may lower this number dramatically:		Differs are divided between theoretical and real. Theoretically, most locks have a very high number of differs, but in reality tolerance and bitting restrictions lower this number dramatically. For example, a 5 pin lock with 10 depth spacings has 10<sup>5</sup> (100,000) theoretical key differs. Various key or lock requirements may lower this number dramatically:

	* Cut depths cannot be repeated more than twice in a row.		* Cut depths cannot be repeated more than twice in a row.
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	In rotary [[combination]] locks, the size of gates has a dramatic effect on the number of possible permutations. Poor quality locks may have tolerances as low as +/- 3 numbers. In addition, most rotary combination locks have an area of the wheel that cannot be used for the last part of the combination, sometimes referred to as the restricted zone or the danger zone.		In rotary [[combination]] locks, the size of gates has a dramatic effect on the number of possible permutations. Poor quality locks may have tolerances as low as +/- 3 numbers. In addition, most rotary combination locks have an area of the wheel that cannot be used for the last part of the combination, sometimes referred to as the restricted zone or the danger zone.

			==Calculating differs==

			Differs in a standard lock design are calculated with the formula a<sup>b</sup>, where a is the number of variations per component and b is the number of components. For example, a pin-tumbler lock with 5 pins and 8 depths per component has 32,768 (8<sup>5</sup>) theoretical differs.

			The number of differs in a lock with multiple sets of components is the product of all component groups combined. For example, the same 5 pin lock with 8 depths may also have a 5 pin sidebar which allows 4 depths per sidebar pin. The total number of differs for this lock would be 33,554,432 (8<sup>5</sup>*4<sup>5</sup>).

	==See also==		==See also==

Datagram at 22:25, 24 June 2009

2009-06-24T22:25:50Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:25, 24 June 2009
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	* Tolerances of the lock allow for fractional depths to correctly set components.		* Tolerances of the lock allow for fractional depths to correctly set components.
	* Certain types of [[Master_Key\|master keying]] may restrict various cut depths in non-master keys.		* Certain types of [[Master_Key\|master keying]] may restrict various cut depths in non-master keys.

			In rotary [[combination]] locks, the size of gates has a dramatic effect on the number of possible permutations. Poor quality locks may have tolerances as low as +/- 3 numbers. In addition, most rotary combination locks have an area of the wheel that cannot be used for the last part of the combination, sometimes referred to as the restricted zone or the danger zone.

	==See also==		==See also==

Datagram at 15:55, 1 June 2009

2009-06-01T15:55:52Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:55, 1 June 2009
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	'''Differs''' is an English locksmithing term that refers to the number of possible [[Key\|keys]] for a given [[Lock\|lock]]. This number is a factor of the design of the key, the number of locking components, the number of available positions for each component, and the tolerances of the lock. [[Tryout_Keys\|Tryout keys]] are a [[lockpicking]] tool used to exploit a low differ count in certain locks.		'''Differs''' is an English locksmithing term that refers to the number of possible [[Key\|keys]] for a given [[Lock\|lock]]. This number is a factor of the design of the key, the number of locking components, the number of available positions for each component, and the tolerances of the lock. [[Tryout_Keys\|Tryout keys]] are a [[lockpicking]] tool used to exploit a low differ count in certain locks.

	In keyless [[Combination]] locks, the number of differs may be referred to as permutations, combinations, or sequences.		In keyless [[Combination\|combination]] locks, the number of differs may be referred to as permutations, combinations, or sequences.

	==Real vs. Theoretical Differs==		==Real vs. Theoretical Differs==

Datagram at 17:55, 3 April 2009

2009-04-03T17:55:14Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:55, 3 April 2009
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	=Differs=		=Differs=

	'''Differs''' is an English locksmithing term that refers to the number of possible [[Key\|keys]] ~~or combinations~~ for a given [[Lock\|lock]]. This number is a factor of the design of the key, the number of locking components, the number of available ~~depths~~ for each component, and the tolerances of the lock. [[Tryout_Keys\|Tryout keys]] are a [[lockpicking]] tool used to exploit a low differ count in certain locks.		'''Differs''' is an English locksmithing term that refers to the number of possible [[Key\|keys]] for a given [[Lock\|lock]]. This number is a factor of the design of the key, the number of locking components, the number of available positions for each component, and the tolerances of the lock. [[Tryout_Keys\|Tryout keys]] are a [[lockpicking]] tool used to exploit a low differ count in certain locks.

			In keyless [[Combination]] locks, the number of differs may be referred to as permutations, combinations, or sequences.

	==Real vs. Theoretical Differs==		==Real vs. Theoretical Differs==

Datagram at 17:53, 3 April 2009

2009-04-03T17:53:31Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:53, 3 April 2009
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	* Cut depths cannot be repeated more than twice in a row.		* Cut depths cannot be repeated more than twice in a row.
	* Cut depths changes cannot be greater than a certain number. This is usually done to prevent [[~~Back-cutting~~\|back-cutting]] during key removal.		* Cut depths changes cannot be greater than a certain number. This is usually done to prevent [[Back_cutting\|back-cutting]] during key removal.
	* Cut depths cannot follow predictable or easy to pick patterns, such as a staircase.		* Cut depths cannot follow predictable or easy to pick patterns, such as a staircase.
	* Tolerances of the lock allow for fractional depths to correctly set components.		* Tolerances of the lock allow for fractional depths to correctly set components.